atmosphere

An atmosphere (New Latin atmosphaera, 17th century, from Greek ἀτμός [atmos] "vapor"[1] and σφαῖρα [sphaira] "sphere"[2]) is a layer ofgases surrounding a planet or other material body of sufficient mass[3] that is held in place by the gravity of the body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low.
The atmosphere of Earth is mostly composed of nitrogen. It also contains oxygen used by most organisms for respiration and carbon dioxide used by plants, algae and cyanobacteria for photosynthesis. It protects living organisms from genetic damage by solar ultravioletradiation, solar wind and cosmic rays. Its current composition is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of thepaleoatmosphere by living organisms.
The term stellar atmosphere describes the outer region of a star, and typically includes the portion starting from the opaque photosphereoutwards. Stars with sufficiently low temperatures may form compound molecules in their outer atmosphere

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